All themes
Identity & Self

Agency

Agency, in Taylor Swift's songs, is the speaker's capacity to act being taken, withheld, surrendered, or won back. It arrives in two shapes. In one, somebody else holds the permission: one person sets the terms and the other can only respond, and the writing registers the imbalance in who gets the active verbs and who is simply moved around. In the other, nobody is holding it and the speaker has not yet picked it up, leaving her life to chance or waiting to be chosen. Often the theme runs as an arc, and a speaker who begins as the object of someone else's decisions, or simply of her own waiting, ends the song making a decision herself. Some songs never make that turn and finish where they started, and they belong here too. What puts a song in this theme is that the capacity to act was there to be used, not that the speaker used it. Three neighbours sit close by and the lines are worth holding. Helplessness is the situation that cannot be changed by anybody, where agency is the situation that could be changed and is not being, yet. Asymmetric devotion measures unequal effort and feeling rather than unequal permission to act. Redemption asks what the speaker becomes, where agency asks who is allowed to move, and a single song can trace both.

Appears in 10 songs

Fresh Out the Slammer
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

But it's gonna be all right, I did my time Now we're at the starting line, I did my time

The song runs its whole account of a relationship as a prison sentence, and the figure holds because the confinement was never physical. Years of labour, locks and ceilings sit in the shade of how he was feeling, so another person's mood set the limits of what she could do. She was handcuffed to a spell for the sake of an hour of sunshine, and she watched herself daily disappearing. What "I did my time" claims is the sentence as her own: served, completed, finished on her terms rather than his. The starting line is the front of something rather than the end of it. It is a claim about who owned the time, made by a speaker the song has just shown owning almost nothing.

Central
Lore & Lyrics
Dear John
Speak Now · 2010

And I lived in your chess game But you changed the rules everyday

Uncle Jerry builds the episode around who is permitted to act. He reads the revolving of the opening lines as a satellite orbiting another person's gravity and asks directly whether a satellite has any personal agency, answering no. The chess conceit does the same work in a different figure: the speaker lives in the game rather than playing it, so she is a piece being moved rather than a player choosing moves, and the rules change because the other person changes them. Angela supplies the power imbalance that makes it possible, an established musician of thirty-two and a nineteen-year-old at the start of her career. The song does not stay there. Taking the matches and shining like fireworks is the speaker acting for the first time, and writing the song is the act itself.

Central
Podcast analysis
Father Figure
The Life of a Showgirl · 2025

All I asked for is your loyalty, my dear protégé

The song sets out a mentorship in the mentor's voice, and Angela and Uncle Jerry read the offer as one where advancement is extended and control is kept back. "You're never allowed to be in control of that," Jerry says of the arrangement: rise as high as you like and earn for us, but do not rule. The turn arrives at the close, when the mentor's own opening line, "you remind me of a younger me, I saw potential", comes back in the speaker's mouth and describes herself. Jerry hears a healthy self-possession in the repetition, the recognition that the potential was always hers to see. The quote changes hands, and the authority to decide who has talent goes with it.

Structural
Podcast analysis
The Fate of Ophelia
The Life of a Showgirl · 2025

You dug me out of my grave and Saved my heart from the fate of Ophelia

Uncle Jerry raises an objection to how the song resolves and says so plainly. Ophelia is a figure crushed by the men around her, her father, her brother, the prince and the king, and no rescue reaches her. The speaker escapes that ending, but the escape arrives from outside: somebody digs her out of the grave. "It does bother me a little bit that she doesn't have the personal agency to be her own rescuer," Jerry says, comparing the shape to Pretty Woman. Angela accepts the objection and answers it by narrowing what is being claimed. What gets saved is the heart, not the life. The speaker keeps her career, her work and her art throughout, and hands over only the part of herself she had never managed to sort out. Jerry calls this a bifurcation of the self and is won over by it.

Structural
Podcast analysis
Chloe or Sam or Sophia or Marcus
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

And I couldn't watch it happen

Angela reads verse two as the point where the speaker finally acts. In the first verse both people are passive, each watching the other from a distance; here she says she could not watch it happen, and she leaves. Angela then follows what the leaving costs, arguing that the departure rips her agency away almost and that the sadness which follows leaves her stuck. Uncle Jerry agrees completely and traces the same movement through the word choice, from couldn't to wouldn't to just can't do it, calling it an active refusal of passive acceptance.

Structural
Podcast analysis
You're On Your Own, Kid
Midnights · 2022

I picked the petals, he loves me not Something different bloomed, writing in my room

Uncle Jerry returns to the word agency four times across the reading, and the arc he traces is not one of agency taken away but of agency not yet picked up. The early speaker leaves her life to chance. She waits patiently to be noticed, plays it cool, and pulls petals from a daisy to find out whether she is loved, which Uncle Jerry calls adolescent surrender, giving yourself over to fate and letting whatever happens happen. He puts the counter-argument in the song's own terms, that you cannot leave it to chance and have to act. The parking lot where she plays her songs works the same way, a place where things are set aside and held until somebody decides to move them. The bridge is where that changes. Uncle Jerry reads the blood, sweat and tears line as the moment she realises she has to seize agency: she hosts the parties rather than standing outside them, turns the pages herself, and burns the bridges behind her. By the final chorus the friendship bracelet is offered rather than waited for, which is choosing a friend instead of hoping to be chosen.

Structural
Podcast analysis
Getaway Car
Reputation · 2017

I left you in a motel bar Put the money in a bag and I stole the keys

Angela and Uncle Jerry follow the pronouns through the song and find the speaker moving from passenger to driver. In the early verses she is riding in the car; by the breakdown she is the one leaving, bagging the money and taking the keys. Jerry treats the missing driver in the chorus as deliberate, calling it an ellipse, the habit of leaving out information a listener can supply, and supplies the speaker herself. By the outro he hears her in charge, the lines gathering into a run of I. "The ability to realize you have personal agency in life is an important one," he says, "and that eventually is something that emerges from the song." He declines to call the turn monstrous femininity, preferring to read it as a person making decisions.

Structural
Podcast analysis
Ours
Speak Now · 2010

But right now, my time is theirs

The song sets a working day against a private life and gives each a different owner. Her hours belong to other people, and she says so plainly: right now, my time is theirs. The office supplies the crowd who lurk in the shadows with lip gloss smiles, and their claim on her holds for as long as the day lasts. What the title insists on is the one thing outside that claim. His hands are tough but they are where hers belong, which is the same possessive grammar pointed the other way. The concession is what makes the assertion work. She grants them the time and keeps the rest.

Structural
Lore & Lyrics
Cold as You
Taylor Swift · 2006

And you do what you want 'cause I'm not what you wanted

Uncle Jerry approaches the song by asking who performs the actions in it. He takes the best of her in the first verse, he walks away in the chorus, and she is the one those things happen to. "He has the agency to walk away," Jerry observes, and the speaker does not follow him out. Her single active moment is starting a fight because she needs to feel something. The song leaves her sitting and thinking it through while he decides how it ends, which is not the same as being unable to act. Nothing stops her leaving. She simply never does.

Structural
Podcast analysis
tolerate it
Evermore · 2020

Always taking up too much space or time I wait by the door like I'm just a kid

Two lines describe somebody asking permission to exist near another person. She waits by the door rather than coming in, positioned like a child waiting to be let through, and she worries about always taking up too much space or time, as though her presence were a cost he absorbs. The claim here is not that her effort goes unreturned, which is a different reading of the same song and is made elsewhere. It is that she has accepted his terms for how much room she is allowed, and never tests them. The room is there to be taken. She treats it as borrowed.

Incidental
Lore & Lyrics