All devices
Rhetorical Device

Epiphora

Epiphora (also called epistrophe) is the repetition of the same or similar words at the ends of successive lines or clauses. In Taylor's writing the device creates a cascading effect - successive endings bind a sequence of statements into a single accelerating movement, often used in bridges where the repeated terminal word builds toward emotional resolution or disillusionment. Cardigan stages an unusual epiphoric figure: the repeated single-pronoun 'I' at the end of multiple chorus lines ('Marked me like a bloodstain, I / Once in twenty lifetimes, I / Leavin’ like a father, Running like water, I / Drunk under a streetlight, I'). The line-end 'I' is doing the work most epiphora gives to a more substantive word: it asserts the speaker's presence at the close of each unit, foregrounding subjectivity itself as the figure being repeated. The device is intensified by being dovetailed with anaphora at the opening of verse three's 'I knew' chain, so the speaker's 'I' bookends lines from both ends.

Appears in 11 songs

cardigan
Folklore · 2020

Uncle Jerry introduces epiphora (epistrophe) as the episode's featured literary device, identifying the repeated 'I' at the end of chorus lines throughout the song. He explains it as the opposite of anaphora and notes that the speaker 'dovetails epiphora with anaphora', using 'I' at both the end and beginning of lines. He says 'it's not rhyme, but it does connect the lines' and notes it appears 'all throughout the chorus.'

The epiphora of 'I' underscores that this is Betty's truth, her perspective, her memory, her understanding. The pervasive first-person emphasis throughout the poem reinforces the Rashomon-effect framework where each narrator claims their own version of events.

Central
Podcast analysis
Father Figure
The Life of a Showgirl · 2025

Leave it with me, I protect the family

Angela notes that 'I protect the family' is repeated six times in the song, a detail she credits to other commentators. Uncle Jerry connects the six repetitions to Taylor's first six albums, she's protecting her 'family' of work. The repeated phrase at the end of the post-choruses functions as epiphora, hammering the song's central assertion.

The sixfold repetition of 'I protect the family' connects the song's mafia register to Taylor's biographical struggle over her first six albums, with the repeated phrase asserting ownership and control.

Structural
Podcast analysis
Who's Afraid of Little Old Me?
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

Well, you should be … you should be (You should be) you should be You should be (you should be) You should be (you should be) You should be

Uncle Jerry notes that the speaker 'trails out repeating, you should be' after the chorus, the repetition of 'you should be' at the end of lines and sections functions as epiphora, driving home the threat.

The repetition of 'you should be' transforms a simple answer to the title question into an incantation-like insistence, escalating from statement to warning to something almost ritualistic.

Structural
Podcast analysis
loml
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

It was legendary It was momentary It was unnecessary Should've let it stay buried

Uncle Jerry says this is 'almost epistrophic, epistrophe is repetition of saying or similar words at the end of line.' He identifies the repeated '-ary' endings (legendary, momentary, unnecessary, buried) as a near-epistrophic pattern, and notes she uses the same pronoun ('it was') to begin each line as well.

The epistrophic structure creates a cascading litany of disillusionment, each line reassesses the relationship with increasing finality, the repeated ending binding them into a single judgment.

Structural
Podcast analysis
How Did It End?
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

How the death rattle breathing Silenced as the soul was leaving The deflation of our dreaming Leaving me bereft and reeling

Uncle Jerry notes the cascading -ING endings at the ends of successive lines in the bridge: breathing, leaving, dreaming, leaving, reeling. He observes that this creates a rolling, sustained effect and explicitly notes the pattern of ending lines with the same sound, comparing it to Edgar Allan Poe's technique. He also notes 'she repeats, leaving me bereft and reeling', starting a new line with the same word ('leaving') that ended the previous line, creating a chain effect. Community readers note that the form enacts what the lyric describes: the bridge's rolling, unbroken syntax leaves neither singer nor listener anywhere to breathe, one voice putting it simply as "the sentence never ends".

The epiphoric -ING endings create a cascading, unrelenting momentum that sonically enacts the ongoing, unfinished quality of grief, each ending bleeding into the next.

Structural
Podcast analysis
The Prophecy
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

Uncle Jerry identifies the repetition of 'prophecy' at the end of successive chorus lines, 'Change the prophecy... redo the prophecy... change the prophecy', and notes the elongated pronunciation 'prophecy-ees' that emphasizes the repeated ending. He also notes the broader E-sound repetition at line ends: 'knees, prophecy, money, company, me, prophecy, prophecy.' The repeated terminal word 'prophecy' across choruses creates a cascading emphasis.

The repeated 'prophecy' at line ends reinforces the song's central obsession, the speaker keeps returning to the same word, the same plea, the same impossible request.

Structural
Podcast analysis
But Daddy I Love Him
The Tortured Poets Department · 2024

I just learned these people only raise you To cage you I just learned these people try and save you 'Cause they hate you

Uncle Jerry identifies the repetition of 'you' at the end of successive lines, 'raise you, cage you, save you, hate you', as epiphora (epistrophe). He notes four 'you' endings paired against four 'I' beginnings, creating a balanced contrasting structure. He describes this as creating a separation between the I and the you, like a rubber band pulling apart but always snapping back together.

The epiphoric 'you' endings create a rhythmic hammering that emphasizes the forces acting upon the narrator, being raised, caged, saved, hated, all directed at her by the community. The balanced I/you pattern structurally enacts the tension between individual desire and communal control.

Structural
Podcast analysis

I regret you all the time

Uncle Jerry notes 'I regret you all the time' as the repeated closing line of the bridge and outro sections, returning again and again as the song's final word. He identifies the repetitive endings as part of the song's recursive structure and notes their emotional accumulation.

The repeated ending on 'I regret you all the time' functions as the song's emotional thesis statement, gaining weight with each return.

Structural
Podcast analysis
All Too Well (10 Minute Version) (TV)
Red (Taylor's Version) · 2021

Wind in my hair, I was there, I was there Down the stairs, I was there, I was there Sacred prayer, I was there, I was there It was rare, you remember it all too well

Uncle Jerry discusses the extensive repetition in the outro, the repeated 'I was there' and 'you remember it' cycling through wind/stairs/sacred prayer/rare. He connects this to oral formulae and the quality of memory that keeps coming back 'like that bad dream that keeps coming back and back and back.' Angela adds that the repetition is the speaker insisting on the reality of her experience against potential gaslighting.

The repetition formally enacts the speaker's inability to stop remembering, the song's structure becomes the psychological experience it describes, connecting themes of memory and helplessness.

Structural
Podcast analysis
tis the damn season
Evermore · 2020

Uncle Jerry identifies that each of the song's three sections ends on the word 'hometown,' creating a repeated terminal word that he noticed when hearing the music, Taylor sings 'hometown' and then there are a couple of measures of open music where nothing else happens, as if she's contemplating the word before moving on. He calls this a structural division of the song into three sections.

The repetition of 'hometown' at the end of each section enacts the song's gravitational pull, no matter which road the speaker takes, the word and the place keep returning as the emotional anchor.

Structural
Podcast analysis
Getaway Car
Reputation · 2017

I was ridin' in a getaway car I was cryin' in a getaway car I was dyin' in a getaway car Said goodbye in a getaway car

Uncle Jerry describes the outro as a 'diminishing self that she kind of floats off', the repetition of 'in a getaway car' at the end of each line creates an epiphoric pattern. He notes this section is 'all I' and represents the speaker's full agency and self-reflection, delivered in a diminishing, almost apologetic tone.

The repeated ending phrase creates a rhythmic diminishment that mirrors the speaker's emotional state, riding, crying, dying, saying goodbye, as the relationship and the song wind down together.

Structural
Podcast analysis